1
跳读首尾句进行预测
一般来讲,完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W,那么就是记叙文,很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。
首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以,它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口,对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。
Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.
本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息,下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难,而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器,Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。
2
利用语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主,但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题,考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识,分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物,并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如:
8 I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.
A. Because B. While C. If D. Since
【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设,是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用 if 引导。
3
利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查,主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语”,不能随意改动。所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。
对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力,特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如:
They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never 12 baths.
A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath,意为“洗澡”。
4
利用复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象,如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现,结构同现,同义同现,修饰同现,因果同现等。因此,利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案。如:
I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new 44, dressed neatly.
A. roommate B. classmate
C. neighbor D. companion
【解析】名词同现,空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。
5
利用跳读法解题
一般而言,完形填空要填的15空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来,之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如:
“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He___1___ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of___2___ stood quietly watching us. One of them 3 walking toward us. We both jumped to our 4 not knowing what to expect.
- A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put
- A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants
- A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired
- A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet
【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中,我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来,这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案,因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来,所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知,此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒,坐起来,环顾四周”,所以第一空的答案为A;最后,根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。
6
巧用排除法解题
在有些情况下,考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案,可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,缩小选择的范围,提高正确率。如:
The woman looked carefully at me 5 through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.
A. as usual B. for a while
C. in a minute D. once again
【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully,既然是“认真地看”,就不会是in a minute (立刻、马上);既然互不相识,作者也未曾去找过工作,不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了,所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。所以,答案只能是B。
7
利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如:
A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive
C. comfortable D. suitable
【解析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。
8
利用暗示和对应解题
完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和单词的辨析、句子结构的考查等,但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法,是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。
考生在做题时要有全局观念,进行连贯性思维,做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示,这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如:
…he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 47: agriculture, diving and mathematics.
A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents
【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示:agriculture,diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题,由此可得出本题的答案为B。
9
根据文章的感情色彩解题
考生在第一遍通读时,应在掌握文章大意,弄清作者思路的基础上,着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子,这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如:
I was so surprised that I was 47(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. 48(As a result), at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was 49(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading).
【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折,我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort,get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。
综合利用各种线索解题
完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文,弄清句子与句子之间的关系,准确理解全文。为了答好题,考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(social and cultural clues),并根据有关的线索进行猜测,作出合理的判断。如:
And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clock three days from that day… Since he was 44 in three days, Andy didn’t lose any time.
A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving
【解析】单从这句来看,考生实难判断出正确答案,但如果结合前文,就可以找到设空部分的解题线索——上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。
【真题再现】
请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选 出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卷上将其序号涂黑。(每小题 1 分)
Many of us enjoy watching animals in the world. But do you know they can teach us?
Geese(雁), for example, teach a very good lesson about 1__. In the fall, Canada geese fly to the warm south to 2__ Canada’s cold winter. They lift off in no order. Yet 3__ they form a V shape, with one bird leading the group.
This V shape allows geese to 4__ energy. When the front bird moves its wings up and down, the resulting force of the air lifts the next one. This continues down the line. The bird 5__ has the hardest job. When it gets 6__ , it moves behind, and another bird moves into the lead. By sharing the role, the group can travel great distances. Geese flying in a V shape can fly 70 percent farther without 7__ than birds flying alone.
During the long flying journey, geese communicate with one another. They honk(鸣叫) to 8__ the birds up front to keep up the speed. They also cheer each other up 9__ working toward a common goal.
What have we learned from the lovely geese’s experience and skills?
10__ together! Whether it is our personal lives or our jobs, we need other people. We need the spirit of teamwork!
A. experience
B. success
C. friendship
D. teamwork
答案:D
解析:1.D 句意:例如,大雁教给我们团队精神非常重要的一课。考查名词。A经验;B成功;C友谊;D团队。根据最后一段对于“What have we learned from the lovely geese’s experience and skills?”的回答“We need the spirit of teamwork!”可知整篇都是在告诉我们大雁的团队精神(teamwork)。故选D.A. look for
B. get away from
C. wait for
D. walk away from
答案:B
解析:2. B 句意:秋天,加拿大大雁飞往温暖的南方来逃离寒冷的冬天。考查动词短语。A寻找;B逃离;C等待;D走开。根据“fly to the warm south”,可知大雁飞往温暖的南方的目的是逃离加拿大寒冷的冬天。故选B.A. busily
B. quickly
C. bravely
D. suddenly
答案:BA. save
B. waste
C. create
D. lose
答案:A
解析:4. A 句意:这种V字形能让雁群节省力量。考查动词。A救;节省;B浪费;C建立;D丢失。根据“When the front bird moves its wings up and down,the resulting force of the air lifts the next one.This continues down the line.”(前面的大雁上下挥动翅膀所产生的空气阻力可以支持下一只大雁保持飞行状态),可知这样是让其他的大雁节省了力量。故选A.A. in front
B. at the back
C. in the middle
D. on the left
答案:A
解析:5. A 句意:头雁是最难的。考查介词短语。A在..前面;B在..后面;C在中间;D在左面;根据”When the front bird moves its wings up and down,the resulting force of the air lifts the next one.This continues down the line.”可知第一只大雁是出力最大的,工作是最艰辛的。故选A.A. bored
B. tired
C. hungry
D. thirsty
答案: BA. rest
B. sleep
C. excuse
D. result
答案: A
解析:7. A 句意:这种V字形飞行的雁群不休息就能比单独飞行的大雁多飞百分之七十。考查动词。根据选项含义:rest休息;sleep睡觉;excuse理由;result结果。根据Geese flying in a V shape can fly 70percent farther without (17)than birds flying alone.可知此处表达”不用休息就可以比单独飞行的大雁多飞行百分之七十。故选A.A. lead
B. lift
C. teach
D. encourage
答案: D
解析:8. D 句意:它们通过鸣叫来鼓励其他的大雁赶上速度。考查动词。A导致;B举起,抬起;C教;D鼓励;根据”geese communicate with one another.”可知在飞行过程中,大雁们是用喊叫声互相激励交流,故此处表达的是鼓励大雁赶上速度。故选D.A. until
B. after
C. while
D. before
答案: C
解析:9. C 句意:他们也鼓励对方去实现同一个目标。考查连词。A直到;B在…之后;C在..期间;D在…之前;根据此空的前半句( cheer each other up)和后半句(working toward a common goal.)可知两个动作是同时发生的,表示当有同一个目标的时候,互相激励。表示两个动作同时发生用连词while。故选C.A. Play
B. Travel
C. Live
D. Work
答案: D
【题组训练】
请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选 出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卷上将其序号涂黑。(每小题 1 分)
Travel in the deserts
In some parts of the world there are large deserts.There are no trees and 1___water there.Travelers must take food and 2___with them.
The 3___animals who can walk through the desert is the camel. 4____ can go without food and water for a long time,and besides he can carry loads.People call the 5___“the ship of the desert”.
The camel is very big.He has one or two humps on his back,short ears and a long 6_____.
The camel’s humps hold fat,and his stomach holds water in twelve deep pockets. 7____pocket has a mouth which closes,and the food does not mix the water.When the camel 8____some water,he can get it out of the 9____.The camel’s food is 10_____and leaves
of trees.
分析:文章介绍了素有”沙漠之舟”的骆驼的身体构造和功能.
1. A. no
B. any
C. not
D. /
答案:A
解析:1.A 句意:这里没有食物和水。考查副词,A./ B.not不 C.any任何 D.no不, 根据no trees and…water ,可知并列连词and 连接的两个对等成分,前面是否定的,后面也应是否定的,前后结构一样。故选A.
2. A. milk
B. water
C. meat
D. grass
答案:B
3. A. just
B. other
C. only
D. another
答案:C
解析:3.C 句意:唯一能穿过沙漠的动物是骆驼。考查副词,A.just仅仅;再一 B.other其他的 C. only唯一D.another另一。other, another 是”其他”的意思,文章并没有谈及其他动物。just 做”仅仅”讲时是副词,不能加名词。only 则是形容词,用来修饰名词。根据animals who can walk through the desert is the camel,可知骆驼是唯一能够穿越沙漠的动物,故选C.
4. A. He
B. They
C. She
D. It
答案:A
解析:4.A 句意:他能没有食物和水时走很长时间,还能运载货物。考查代词,A.He 他 B.They他们 C.She她D. It它,根据后文besides he can carry loads,可知本文采用拟人的写法,对骆驼用代词he,用he代替camel。故选A.
5. A. camel
B. elephant
C. cow
D. horse
答案:A
解析:5.A 句意:人们称骆驼为“沙漠之舟”。考查名词,A.camel骆驼 B.elephant大象C.cow牛 D. horse马,本文只介绍了一种动物,那就是骆驼。根据People call the…“the ship of the desert”,可知骆驼被称为”沙漠之舟”,故选A.
6. A. mouth
B. neck
C. leg
D. nose
答案:B
7. A. Either
B. Each
C. All
D. Both
答案:B
解析:7.B 句意:每个储水的口袋都有能关着口,让食物和水分开。考查形容词,A.Either两者中任一, B.Each每一C.All所有的 D.Both两者都。根据本句的谓语动词是has ,可知主语是单数;结合前文的数量twelve deep pockets,故选B.
点睛:both 和either 适用于两者之间,分别是“两者都……”和“两者任一……”。当both做主语时,谓语动词用原型或Be用are;当either做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数或Be用is。all 和Each用于三者之上,分别意为“全都……”和“每一……”,当all做主语时,加复数名词,谓语动词用原型或Be用are;当 Each做主语时,加上单数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数或Be用is。
8. A. was wanting
B. wants
C. is wanting
D. wanted
答案:B
解析:8.B 句意:当骆驼需要水时,他可以从储水袋中得到。考查时态,A.wanted想要,过去式 B.wants三单式 C.is wanting现在进行时 D.was wanting 过去进行时,根据文章的时态为一般现在时,故选B.
9. A. nose
B. pockets
C. mouth
D. bags
答案:B
解析:9.C 句意:当骆驼需要水时,他可以从储水袋中得到。考查名词,A.bags包 B. pockets口袋C.mouth嘴D.nose鼻子,根据前文 his stomach holds water in twelve deep pockets,可知水是装在这12个口袋里,故选B.
10. A. grass
B. meat
C. bread
D. cake
答案:A